Week 14 Fyp 2 : Prepare for presentation

Week 14 Fyp 2 : Testing functionly and take the result

After making the connection on my project, it's time to see how this works. Video below shows how it's work.

From that i get the result for input/output voltage, current load, and solar output.

So, Vin(from battery) = 12.22V
      IL(Load current)   = 0.86A

Solar Output (Time versus Voltage)

Time (H)	Voltage (V)
0800	10.21
0900	10.43
1000	12.35
1100	17.63
1200	18.54
1300	18.52
1400	17.41
1500	15.52
1600	10.41
1700	8.32
1800	7.21

Current load

Calculation for charging the battery.

Battery rated 7AH

Current load, IL = 0.86A,      7/0.86 = 8.14Hours / 8H 14min (for load).

Charging time, 

Solar 12V, 10W

Solar Current, Is = 10/12 = 0.83A

So, 7Ah(battery) / 0.83 = 8.43Hours / 8H 43min to charge the battery.

  

Week 13 Fyp 2 : Making a pole of my project

This pole height of 10 feet and can be adjusted. Placed above the solar poles can also be adjusted and is under the control circuit. Pictures below shows a picture of my project.

Side view

Front view

Control circuit

Week 12 Fyp 2 : Soldering the component on my PCB

Soldering the component on my PCB.

Lamp circuit

Charging circuit

Week 11 Fyp 2 : Start making the PCB for the circuit

I used OHP paper as method on my PCB circuit. After printed the circuit on OHP paper we iron it on PCB for 30 minutes. It's take long time to do for one circuit and the result from this method is very satisfied. Pictures below shows how it's made.

This is the result.

After that we etching the PCB to remove the copper that no need on PCB with Acid call Ferric Chloride Liquid. It may take 30 minutes to remove the copper.

This is the result....

Week 10 Fyp 2 : Modification of my LED Lamp.

This LED lamp rated 4W for each LED light. For one lamp have 4 super bright LED and i use 5 lamp on my project. Below is a picture of my LED lamp after modification.

Week 9 Fyp 2 : Drawing the PCB layout by Ares Software

For PCB layout charging circuit..

PCB layout load circuit..

3D PCB Layout..

Week 8 Fyp 2 : Testing circuit functionly

Week 7 Fyp 2 : Testing the circuit

As a result the circuit is operating functionly.....

Some review for circuit operation.

During day time, the internal rechargeable 12 Volt SLA battery receives charging current from the connected solar panel through polarity protection diode IN5820 and current limiting resistor R10. If ambient light is normal, transistor T1 is reverse biased by IC1 (LM555). Here IC1 is wired as a medium current inverting line driver, switched by an encapsulated light detector (10mm LDR). Multi-turn variable resistor 1K sets the detection sensitivity. When ambient light dims, transistor BD 678 turns on to drive the super bright LED. The LDR act as a photocell sensor at night. Now this lamp load at the output of T1 energizes. When the ambient light level restores, circuit returns to its idle state and light(s) switched off by the circuit.

Week 6 Fyp 2 : Charging circuit component

Component :

LM317
Transistor BC548
Resistor 100 ohm
Resistor 120 ohm
Resistor 470 ohm
Resistor 0.5 ohm / 5w
Variable Resistor 1k
12V SLA Battery as a output

Week 5 Fyp 2 : Component

Solar Panel 12V-18V/10W

LDR 10mm

12V Lead Acid Rechargeable Battery

Week 4 Fyp 2 : Load Circuit for Bright LED 12V 3W

Circuit Operation

This Solar 12V for load 24 Bright 3w LED circuit is an automatic street light using a LDR and 12V/10W solar panel. During day time, the internal rechargeable 12 Volt SLA battery receives charging current from the connected solar panel through polariy protection diode IN5820 and current limiting resistor 15E/10w. If ambient light is normal, transistor BD678 is reverse biased by IC1 (LM555).

Here IC1 is wired as a medium current inverting line driver, switched by an encapsulated light detector (10mm LDR). Multi-turn trimpot P1 (variable resistor 100k) sets the detection sensitivity. When ambient light dims,transistor BD678 turns on to drive the load Bright LED. Now this lamp load at the output of transistor energises. When the ambient light level restores, circuit returns to its idle state and light(s) switched off by the circuit.

Week 3 Fyp 2 : Other for charging circuit 12V

Here is a 12 volt Lead Acid battery charger that shut off the charging process once the battery attains full charge. This prevents overcharging of the battery so that, the charger can be left unattended. If the terminal voltage of the battery reduces below the set level, say 13.5 volts, the circuit automatically turns on to the charge mode.

Below is a charging circuit for 12V Lead Asid Battery as Solar panel as source...

Week 2 Fyp 2 : Problem occur

The problem for the circuit is type of an ic is SMD type. So it's difficult to find at market and if we want to use it must to order from site.. It could take time..
Below is a picture for IC type SMD

Other problem is to construct the IC to the PCB board it must do double layer board. So, i decided to change the circuit..

Week 1 Fyp 2 : Assign the circuit that i will use on the project

Circuit Schematic

ZXLD1374 Device description

• The ZXLD1374 is an LED driver IC with an internal MOSFETs to drive high current LEDs. It is a multi-topology driver enabling it to efficiently control the current through series connected LED. The multi-topology enables it to operate in Buck, Boost and Buck-boost configurations. 

• The 60V capability coupled with its multi-topology flexibility enables it to be used in a wide range of applications and drive up to 15 LEDs in series. Th

• ZXLD1374 is a modified hysteretic controller using a patent pending control scheme providing high output current accuracy in all three modes of operation. High accuracy dimming is achieved through dc dimming and high frequency PWM dimming. 

• The ZXLD1374 uses two pins for fault diagnosis. A flag output highlights a fault presence, while the multi-level status pin gives further information on the specific fault.

Week 14 : Research about street lighting wiring

Week 13 : Prepare the progress report

The progress report must include :

1. Introduction
       - purpose of the project

2. Work complete
      - focuses on work completed this period by
          a) summarizing work she submitted and
          b) explaining other work completed during the period.

3. Work to be complete
     - gives details about what's next.

4. Problem encountered
     - explains any problems encountered during development of the project and how
       the problems solved.

5. Conclusion

Week 12 : Proposal Presentation

During presentation, my assessor Mr Shaharudin Bin Yub suggest a new thing to my project that is he want me to monitoring the project by using software LabView to display the output such as energy used, time duration and voltage. For that suggestion i think it's very complicated and i try to discuss with my advisor again about that....

Week 11 : Complete the presentation

On week 12, all the fyp1 student have presentation to present their proposal project. In order to prepare the presentation, I need to gain the knowledge about the project. I have research; including the ideas, components, circuit, and others that related about the project. I also has improvements about the concept of project in order to convince the assessor.   

Besides that, I  was told that presentation  should has the following :

• Introduction
• Problem statement
• Objective of project
• Literature review
•  Block diagram
• Work plan
• Budget

However, those things may will be changed according to current needs.

Week 10 : Preparing proposal presentation

Week 9 : Prepare the proposal presentation

Week 8 : Research continue

Solar Street Lighting Fixture

Solar Street lighting system is an ideal lighting system for the illumination of streets, squares and cross roads located in areas that are not connected to the power grid. This fully integrated system combines the latest and most innovative technologies available providing years of convenient and trouble free lighting. 

The standalone solar photovoltaic street lighting system comprises of a Compact LED lights as light source, re-chargeable lead acid battery for storage, PV modules for charging the battery, suitable electronics for the operation of the tamp and safe charging and discharging of the battery and mechanical hardware for fixing these sub systems. Luminaires are also available with Low Pressure Sodium Vapour (SOX) lamps and higher wattages of compact flourescent lamps against specific customer requirements.

Week 7 : Research review

Today, our main energy resources such as petroleum, natural gas, coal etc. are facing the danger of exhaustion. And at the same time, under the increasing pressure of environmental protection, energy saving and environmental protection have become the development trend in various industries. As inexhaustible clean energy, solar energy will be the most ideal green energy in the 21st century.  By solar photovoltaic power generation technologies, LED Emitting Diode is a kind of component which can transform electricity into visible light. With its characteristics of pollution-free, it has already been applied to lighting in many fields. Therefore, as owning the integrated advantage of the solar and LED solid-state lighting—LED solar street light and solar LED lighting system is the perfect combination of new energy and new light source.

Benefits

Energy saving

Environment protection

Clean energy

Pollution-free

Reduce cost - cheap

Maintenance free

Week 6 : Summit the actual proposal

Content of the proposal


         1. Abstract
         2. Introduction
         3. Problem Statement
         4. Literature Review
         5. Methodology
         6. Objectives
         7. Benefits
         8. Work Plan
         9. Budget
       10. Conclusion
       11. Refferrence




Some review of my proposal....

I.                Introduction

The objective of an electricity supply utility is to provide a wide range and variety of customers with a supply of electrical energy. Their main aims are to meet the variable and instantaneous demand for electricity at the most economic cost, and to achieve customer satisfaction by a good standard of reliability and quality in terms of voltage and frequency. However reliability and continuity of supply from the electricity supply. Utilities cannot be guaranteed absolutely as power outages and disturbances must be expected at some time.

The solar photovoltaic (PV) street lighting system comprises of a Compact LED lights as light source, re-chargeable lead acid battery for storage, PV modules for charging the battery, suitable electronics for the operation of the tamp and safe charging and discharging of the battery and mechanical hardware for fixing these sub systems.

Luminaires are also available with Low Pressure Sodium Vapour (SOX) lamps and higher wattages of compact flourescent lamps against specific customer requirements. The SOX lamp is a monochromatic (Yellow – Orange) light source delivering the highest possible lumens per watt. CF Lamps provide slightly less lumens per watt, but produce a white light which actually appears brighter than SOX and should be used in areas where colour rendition is critical.

I.                Objective

The main objective of this project development is ;

1.    To study and compare between LED and others power lamp.

2.    To develop the portable solar street lamp with the sun light

       as the source.

3.    To find information about type of LED and power lamp and 
       also benefit of each lamp depend on environment.

I.                Problem Statement

The project is based on replacing existing high pressure sodium (HPS) street lamps with a more efficient lighting system and also can minimized the cost. The two systems compared are LED and power lamp street lighting. The lighting selection is also vary according to size of input and output depend on type of lamp. Cost of first installment is very high and required substantial capital. The efficiencies of the street lamp were compared as well as the carbon footprint from the lamps life cycle. Costs include upfront price, maintenance costs, lifetime of the bulbs, efficiency in use and carbon footprint from production, distribution and in use. This spread sheet provides a base cost and analysis of efficient lighting systems for city street lights.

I.                Methodology

Block Diagram of Solar Panel for Street Lighting

This block diagram above is about the combination of the charging circuit and circuit controller to the load and the DC voltage source. At the day, solar panel will get the energy from the sun and the circuit charging will control the charging rate to the battery. The charging circuit will control the charging until the battery reaches the floating condition that is the full condition of the battery. The charging only occur when in the day because the solar need for the light to transfer the sunray to the electricity. When in the night condition circuit charging automatically stop charging and diode 20L15T are use to eliminate from current draw from the battery to the solar panel when in night condition.

Week 5 : Submit the proposal

Show my draft proposal to Mr Abdul Halim Bin Abdul Rahman as my supervisor for review before to the actual proposal submitted. 


Content of the proposal ;


         1. Abstract
         2. Introduction
         3. Problem Statement
         4. Literature Review
         5. Methodology
         6. Objectives
         7. Benefits
         8. Work Plan
         9. Budget
       10. Conclusion
       11. Refferrence

Week 4 : Complete the proposal

Basically, I continue the research as previous week in order to understand deeply about the solar system and type of lamp between power lamp and led lamp. I continue the research because few parts of solar system that I'm still could not understand  in the last week as I expected and also plan the work for this project start from project title selection until thesis writing. 


Work Plan

Week 3 : Preparing for project proposal

The main of activity this week; collect the information as much possible for inclusion in the proposal. There are few sources that I used in order to collect the information such as internet, books, journal and interviewing. Internet, which it is common source for almost student, is my main reference along research process. There are few website I used in research process such as Google, Wikipedia, and others blog.

The format or guideline of proposal is as shown below :

• Title Page

• Abstract

• Table of Contents

• Introduction

• Problem Statement

• Literature Review

• Methodology

• Objectives

• Benefits

• Work Plan

• Budget

• Conclusion

• References